Bos preterite

beu, peu, feu, veu, bewgh, pewgh, fewgh, vewgh, bons, pons, fons, vons, jeva, teva

veu + rag

• A(n) peynys a wotheuys | ny ve ragtho y honan | lemmyn rag pobyll an bys
  An paynys a wodhevis | ny veu ragdho y honan, | lemen rag pobel an bys
  The tortures he suffered were not for himself alone but for the people of the world (PA6)

• ny fue ragtho y honan | y'n gothefys ef certan | mas rak kerenge map den
  Ny veu ragdho y honan | y'n godhevis ev, sertan, | ma's rag kerensa mab-den.
  It was not for himself | He suffered it certainly, | But for love of the son of mankind. (PC3226-8)

veu + gans

an tryge deth yv hythev | thy-worthyf aban ethe | whet ny ellys yn nep tu | gothfos ganso fatel fe
An tressa dydh yw hedhyw | dhiworthiv a-ban eth e | hwath ny yllis yn neb tu | godhvos ganso fatell veu.
The third day it is to day | Since he went from me, | Yet I could not on any side | Know how it was with him. (RD465-8) how it was

• lauar thymmo caradow | lemmyn gorthyp fatel fue
  Lavar dhymmo, karadow. | Lemmyn gorthyp fatell veu.
  Tell me, beloved; | Now answer how it was. (RD493-4)

what happened

• na porth dout me a genes | mar pyth othom theth weres | hag a leuer fattel fue
  Na borth dout, my a genes | mar pydh edhomm dhe'th weres, | hag a lever fatell veu.
  Have no fear, I will go with thee, | If it be necessary to help thee, | And will say how it was. (RD595-7)

• a tus vas why re welas | a thasserghyens crist del fue
  A dus vas, hwi re welas | a Dhasserghyans Cryst dell veu:
  O good people, you have seen | The Resurrection of Christ as it was. (RD2631-2)

veu + noun

• kepar del fuve dremmas | yn dor my a vyn palas | tol may fo ynno cuthys
  Kepar dell veu va dremas. | Y'n dor my a vynn palas | toll may fo ynno kudhys,
  Like as he was a just man, | In the earth I will dig | A hole, that he may be covered in it (OM864-6) Seth, talking about Adam who has just died

• namna fue ow colon trogh | pan wylys gorre an gu | yn golon dren tenewen | han guryn spern war y pen
  Nammna veu ow holonn trogh | pan welis gorra an gu | y'n golonn dre'n tenewen, | ha'n gurun spern war y benn,
  My heart was almost broken | When I saw the lance put | Into the heart through the side, | And the crown of thorns upon his head; (RD1244-7)

• ef a fue drok corf yn bys | me ath cusyl dysempys | byth na vy trest
  Ev a veu drog-korf y'n bys. | My a'th kusul desempis, | bydh na vi trist.
  He was an evil body in the world ; | I advise thee immediately, | Never be sad; (RD2228-30)

• ow scons a fue crous a pren | kyns en myghtern den ha dev
  Ow stons a veu krows a brenn. | Kynth en Myghtern, den ha Dyw,
  My standing was a cross of wood, | Even though I was a King, man, and God; (RD2579-80)

• Ihesu eff re thendelas | in gluas neff bones treges | ʒiso y fue servont lel
  Yesu, ev re dhendilas | yn gwlas nev bones trygys. | Dhiso y feu servont lel.
  Jesu, he has deserved | To dwell in heaven's kingdom. | To thee he has been a loyal servant. (BM4337-9) has been?

• Ow lester a ve lehan | drys mor pour thown
  Ow lester a veu leghen | Dres mor pur dhown
  My ship was a slate | Across the very deep sea (BKv15)

• Gramercy theso dremas | mab Marya len a ras | a ve the vethak heb mar
  Gromerci dhiso dremas | mab Maria leun a ras | a veu dha vedhek heb mar
  Thanks to you, good man | Mary's Son, full of grace | Was your doctor, without doubt. (BKv115)

• A lucyfer lucyfer | te a ve oll lanthorn nef | ha drethaf serten pub eare | ty a ve exaltys breyf | hag ath settyas pur vghall
  A Lusifer. Lusifer, | ty a veu oll lantern nev, | ha dredhov sertan pub eur | ty a veu eksaltys brav, | hag a'th settyas pur ughel.
  Ah Lucifer, Lucifer | Thou wast all (the) lanthorn of heaven, | And by me certainly always | Thou wast exalted soon (?), | And thou wast set very high. (CW226-30)

bythkweth

• pedyr te am nagh tergweth | bythqueth arluth na vef ȝys
  Peder ty a'm nagh teyrgweyth | bythkweyth Arlodh na veuv dhis.
  Peter, you will deny me three times that I was ever Lord unto you. (PA49)

• ef a vyth sur anclethys | yn le na fue den bythqueth | yn alabauster grauys
  Ev a vydh sur ynkleudhys | yn le na veu den bythkweyth | yn alabaster gravys.
  He shall be surely buried | In a place where never man was, | Cut in alabaster (PC3134-6)

• saw an corf-na byw a pe | an emperour ef sawse | maga tek bythqueth del fue | kynfe y cleues mar vras
  saw an korf na, byw a pe, | an Emprour ev a sawsa | maga teg bythkweyth dell veu, | kyn feu y gleves mar vras.
  But that body, if it were living, | Would cure the emperor, | As well as ever he was, | Though his malady were ever so great. (RD1657-60)

• prag yth yw ruth the thyllas | omma aberth yn pen wlas | le na fue denses byth queth
  Prag yth yw rudh dha dhillas | omma a-berth y'n penn wlas | le na veu denses bythkweyth?
  Why are thy garments red, | Here within the head of the country, | Where man never was? (RD2529-31)

• wath bythqueth in bysma sur | acontis y fus flogh fur | gvyth the hanov da rag meth
  Hwath bythkweyth y'n bys ma sur | akontys y feus flogh fur, | gwith dha hanow da rag meth!
  Still ever in this world surely | Thou hast been accounted a wise child, | Keep thy good name for shame ! (BM337-9) have been?

• Bythqueth ny vue vays in pov | aban vys crystyan heb wov | molleth du war ath treylas
  Bythkweyth ny veu 'vas y'n pow | a-ban veus Kristyon heb wow. | Molleth Dyw war a'th trelyas!
  Never has there been good in the country | Since thou becamest a christian without a lie. | God's curse on him who converted thee ! (BM3968-70)

• Arluth worthy | parys ony | theth plegadow | rag mos then le | bythquath nave | thewhy parow
  Arloedh wordhi | parys on ni | dhe'th plegadow | rag mos dhe'n le | bythkweth na veu | dhywgh hwi parow
  Worthy lord, | We are ready | At your disposition | Soldier comes down | To go to the place; | There never was | Your equal. (BKv181)

• Hayl arluth fre | han gwelha govr | bythquath a ve | gwelys in towr | na whath a vyth
  Hayl arloedh fre | ha’n gwella gour | bythkweth a veu | gwelys yn tour | na hwath a vydh
  Hail, generous lord | And the best man | Who ever was | Seen in tower | Nor yet shall be (BKv236)

• Lowena thum gwelha govr | a ve bythquath a Gurnow
  Lowena dhe'm gwella gour | a veu bythkweth a Gernow
  Joy to the best man | Who ever was of Cornwall (BKv259)

a'y oos

• del lever ȝyn an levar | kymmys payn ny ve ay oys
  dell lever dhyn an lyver, | kemmys payn ny veu a'y oes
  as the book tells us, never was there so much pain! (PA135)

y'n eur na

• yn vrna keskeweȝa | y a ve ha specyall bras
  y'n eur na keskowetha | i a veu ha speshyal bras
  at that moment they became especially good friends. (PA110)

• yn erna y fe dorgis | ha dris ol an bys ef eth
  y'n eur na y feu dorgrys | ha dres oll an bys ev eth
  At that time there was an earthquake and it went all over the earth. (PA200)

once was (used to be)

• abarth ow thas bynyges | th'y thyller arte glenes | kepar del ve
  A-barth ow Thas bennigys, | dh'y dyller arta glenes, | kepar dell veu.
  On the part of my blessed Father, | To its place again let it stick, | Like as it was. (PC1152-4) Malchus' ear

• lyes guyth y wruk bostye | thy'so gy del lauara | terry the'n dor an temple | yn try geth y wul arta | maga ta bythqueth del fue
  Lies gweyth y hwrug bostya, | dhiso jy dell lavara' | terri dhe'n dor an templa, | yn tri dydh y wul arta | maga ta bythkweyth dell veu,
  Many times he boasted, | As I tell thee, | Break the temple to the ground, | In three days he would make it again | As good as it ever was; (PC2439-43)

• pilat gynef nynsyw meth | awos guyske sur an queth | afue yn kerghyn ihesu
  Pilat, genev nyns yw meth | awos gwiska sur an gweth | a veu yn kyrghynn Ihesu
  Pilate, with me there is no shame, | Because of wearing surely the cloth | Which was about Jesus. (RD1935-7)

veu dhe + VN (was to do sth)

• sur me a fua | tremmyl flogh gruergh the latha | bath may rellen in v[r]na | in goys tum an flehys na
  Sur my a veu | tri mil flogh wyrgh dhe ladha, | badh may wrellen y'n eur na | yn goes toemm an fleghes na.
  Surely was I | Three thousand tiny children to slay, | Bathe that I should then | In the warm blood of those children. (BM1775-8)

something existed

• my as guysk gans vn blogon | vythqueth na ve bom a won | a rollo whaf mar gales
  My a's gwysk gans unn blojon. | Vythkweyth na veu boemm a wonn | a rollo hwaff mar gales
  I will smite her with a bludgeon; | Never was a stroke which could | Give a blow so hard (OM2709-11)

• henna yw pur scorn ha geys | ragh y fue kyns y vos gurys | dew vgens blythen ha whe
  Henna yw pur skorn ha ges, | rag y feu, kyns y vos gwrys, | dew-ugens blydhen ha hwegh,
  That is a very sneer and jest, | For there were, before it was done, | Forty years and six; (PC349-51)

• ihesu cryst map dev an nef | a thueth yn chy | han darasow ol deges | whet y lauar a fue cres | ol thywhy why
  Ihesu Cryst, Mab Dyw a'n nev | a dheuth y'n chi, | ha'n darasow oll deges. | Hwath y lavar a veu "Kres | oll dhy'hwyhwi!"
  Jesus Christ, Son of the God of heaven | Came into the house, | And the doors all he opened ; | Ever his speech was, "Peace | To you all." (RD1358-62)

• Lowena thum arluth stowt | gallosak drys svel a ve
  Lowena dhe’m arloedh stout | galloesek dres seul a veu
  Joy to my stout lord | Powerful beyond all who have been (BKv335)

veu + adj

• Adam ty a ve gothys | pan eses yn paradys | avel harlot ov lordye
  Adam, ty a veu goethus | pan eses yn paradhis, | avel harlot ow lordya
  Adam, thou wast proud | When thou wast in Paradise, | Like a rogue, my lord. (OM899-901)

• drok den afue sur bythqueth | a wul drok nyn gefe meth | yn y thythow
  Drog dhen a veu sur bythkweyth, | a wul drog ny'n jeva meth | yn y dhydhyow.
  Bad man he was surely ever ; | To do evil he had no shame | In his days. (RD1782-4)

• whet kerghough thymmo pilat | yn y geuer del fuef badt | y fuf tollys
  Hwath, kyrghewgh dhymmo Pilat: | yn y gever dell veuv bad | y feuv toellys,
  Again, bring Pilate to me | In his affair, as I was ill, | I was deceived. (RD1885-7)

• drok genygyk ef a fue | byth ny sparyaf y tenne | sur a wos our
  Drog genesik ev a veu: [drok gen y gyk] | bydh ny sparyav y denna | sur, awos owr.
  Evil his flesh though it was, | Never will I spare to drag him | Surely, for gold. (RD2186-8)

• Dal y fueff lues blythen | methek vythol ny gefen | a alho gul dym gueres
  Dall y feuv lies blydhen: | medhyk vydh-oll ny gevyn | a allo gul dhymm gweres.
  Blind was I many years: | Any leech I got not | Who could work me a cure. (BM4393-5)

• Ha me yv sawys purdek | neb a fue sur efrethek | lues blethen in bysma
  Ha my yw sawys pur dheg, | neb a veu sur evredhek, | lies blydhen y'n bys ma.
  And I am healed right well, | (I) who was surely maimed. | Many years in this world (BM563-5)

• pardell vema vngrasshes | lemyn ythoma plagys | dell welowgh why oll an prove
  Par dell veuma ongrassyes, | lemmyn yth oma plagyes, | dell welowgh hwi oll an prov.
  Even as I was graceless, | Now am I plagued, | As ye all see the proof. (CW1575-7)

• By god te a ve marow | ha me avel mordarow | owth ola hag owth owtya
  By God ty a veu marow | ha my avel mordarow | owth ola hag owth outya
  By God you were dead | And I like a sea-bull | Lamenting and yelling. (BKv4)

a-ban veu

• me a servyas pell an beyse | aban vema kyns formys
  My a servyas pell an bys, | a-ban veuma kyns formys.
  I have long served the world: | Since I was first formed (CW1974-5) Adam about to die

action

things happened

• an houll a gollas y feth | ha moy marȝus me a gris | ys an rena ve yn weth
  an howl a gollas y feth | ha moy marthus my a grys | es an re ma 'veu ynwedh
  the sun's presence was lost and (there were) more wonders also i believe than these. (PA200)

as it happened

• na whelyn gwevye an pow | kepar del ve ȝen Iustis | dun leueryn war anow | ay veth del yw drehevys
  na hwilen gwevya an pow | kepar dell veu dhe'n justis | deun leveryn war anow | a'y vedh dell yw drehevys
  Let us not try to escape from the country. Let us go to the magistrate. let us tell plainly as it was how he rose from his grave. (PA247)

was here

• ny an gorthyp certan ef | y fue gynen arluth nef | ha worthyn ol a geusys
  Ni a'n gorthyp sertan ev, | y feu genen Arloedh nev | ha worthyn oll a gewsis.
  Certainly we will answer for it, | The Lord of heaven was with us, | And spoke to us all. (RD1228-30)

• thomas lemmyn gueyt crygy | an arluth the thasserghy | rak omma y fue gynen
  Thomas, lemmyn gwayt krysi | an Arloedh dhe dhasserghi, | rag omma y feu genen;
  Thomas, now take care to believe | The Lord to rise again, | For here he was with us; (RD1345-7)

• cryst yv pen gor ha benen | yn chem-ma y fue gynen | pur wyr hythyw
  Cryst, yw penn gour ha benyn, | y'n chi ma y feu genen | pur wir hedhyw.
  Christ, who is head of man and woman, | In this house was with us, | Very truly, to-day. (RD1396-8)

• a creys then nep an guelas | yn few aban dassorghas | y fue gynen
  A, krys dhyn, neb a'n gwelas: | yn fyw, a-ban dhassorghas, | y feu genen.
  Oh ! believe those who saw him | Living, when rising again, | He was with us. (RD1441-3)

• a phylip geneugh ny fue
  A Phylip, genowgh ny veu!
  O Philip, he was not with you; (RD1399) they don't believe Jesus was there

• poren an rena ens y | henna gans an alwethov | hay cow#t# a thek cletha | in nos y a fue gena
  poran an re na ens i! | Henna gans an alhwedhow, | ha'y goweth a dhug kledha. | Y'n nos i a veu gene'.
  Exactly those they were! | That one with the keys, | And his comrade bore a sword. | At night they were with me. (BM1810-3)

became

• Bythqueth ny vue vays in pov | aban vys crystyan heb wov | molleth du war ath treylas
  Bythkweyth ny veu 'vas y'n pow | a-ban veus Kristyon heb wow. | Molleth Dyw war a'th trelyas!
  Never has there been good in the country | Since thou becamest a christian without a lie. | God's curse on him who converted thee ! (BM3968-70)

ny veu

• rak na fues kyns lymmyn fur
  rag na veus kyns lemmyn fur.
  For thou hast not been wise hitherto. (PC1194) haven't been up to now

• me a'th worthyp hep lettye | ny fuf den thotho bythqueth | na ny wylys ru'm leaute | kyns lymman y lyv na'y feth
  My a worthyb heb lettya, | ny veuv den dhodho bythkweyth, | na ny welis, re'm lowta, | kyns lemmyn y liw na'y fas.
  I answer thee without delay : | I was never a man of his, | Nor have I seen, by my truth, | His form nor his face until now. (PC1237-40)

• nyfue golhys sola theth
  Ny veu golghys seuladhydh
  It has not been washed a long time, (RD1929)

• ny vef yn scole rum levte | bys ynnewer gorʒewar
  Ny veuv yn skol, re'm lowta, | bys yn n'ewer gorthugher.
  I was not at school, by my loyalty, | Until late (?) yesterday evening. (BM102-3) hadn't been?

• yn ov scole ny ve bythqueth | ʒyso gy purwyre cowyth | yn discans nag yn dader
  Yn ow skol ny veu bythkweyth | dhiso jy pur wir koweth | yn dyskans nag yn dader.
  In my school never was there | To thee truly a comrade | In learning nor in goodness. (BM204-6)

• nansyv sythyn tremenys | gans vn den heb feladov | ny vue achy the kernov | in neb le vythol guelys
  nans yw seythun tremenys, | gans unn den heb falladow | ny veu a-ji dhe Gernow | yn neb le vydh-oll gwelys.
  Now it is a week past, | By one man without fail | He has not been within Cornwall | Seen in any place at all. (BM2234-5)

• Ser turant ke war the gam | bythqueth ny vue map the vam | genys wath then eretons
  Syrr turant, ke war dha gamm: | bythkweyth ny veu mab dhe vamm | genys hwath dhe'n eretons.
  Sir tyrant, go thy way : | Never has there been a son of thy mother | Born yet to the heritage. (BM3467-9)

• ny vef re goward bythquath | na ny vetheth hedre ven
  ny veuv re goward bythkweth | na ny vydhav hedre ven
  I have never been too cowardly | Nor shall not be as long as I am (alive). (BKv135)

• war ow lowta | ny ve thebar ad hvneth | drys arlythy Christvneth
  war ow leowta | ny veu dha bar... | dres arloedhi Kristonedh
  On my troth | There never was your equal in your (lordship ?) | Over Christendom’s lord (BKv221)

• ny ve genys the barow
  ny veu genys dha barow
  Your equal has not been born (BKv224)

• a das kear ny won for thy | na ny vef bythqwath ena
  A das ker, ny wonn for' dhi, | na ny veuv bythkweth ena.
  O dear father, I know not a way to it, | Nor was I ever there: (CW1738-9)

• pyrra foole ne ve gwelys | me a levar theis praga
  Purra fol ny veu gwelys. | My a lever dhis praga.
  A verier fool was never seen: | I will say to thee why: (CW2400-1) about noah

• ne [ni?] ve the bar re gasak | na nyn gwelvith lagasaw | in bys hagan
  ny veu dha bar re … | na ny'n gwelvydh lagasow | y'n bys hogen
  Never was your equal, by Casak (?) | Nor shall eyes see it | In the world in time to come (BKv266)

pan veu

we ever were

• a theu [or then] gv the ny pan ven
  a Dhyw, gew dhyn ni pan veun
  Ah God, woe to us since we are /were (?) (BKv290)

y'm beu

• (d)evguans dyth ow penys | y speynas y gyk hay woys | ha woteweth rag densys | eff an geue awell boys
  Dew ugens dydh ow penys | y spenas y gig ha'y woos, | ha wor'tiwedh rag denses | ev a'n jeva awell boos.
  For forty days he spent his flesh and blood in fasting, and eventually, because he was human, he had a craving for food. (PA10) got

• Arte Iudas ow tryle | gwan wecor nyn geve par | ny yl den vyth amontye | myns a gollas yn chyffar
  Arta Yudas ow treylya, | gwann-wikor ny'n jeva par, | ny yll den vyth amontya | myns a gollas y'n chyffar.
  Returning again (without equal as a bad bargainer; no one can work out how much he lost on the deal) (PA40) not at that moment, but in his whole life

• betegyns wy ny woȝough | pan dra eȝom agan be
  Byttegyns hwi ny wodhowgh | pandra edhom a'gan beu.
  Nevertheless you do not know what need we had. (PA50)

• Cryst kymmys payn yn geve | angus tyn ha galarow | mateth angoys ha dropye | war y fas an caradow
  Krist kemmys payn a'n jeva, | angus tynn ha galarow, | may teuth an goos ha droppya | war y fas, an karadow.
  Christ had so much pain, cruel anguish and suffering that the blood came and dropped on his face, the beloved. (PA59) received

• den vyth ny yl amontye | na leuerell war anow | oll myns peynys an geve | kyns ys y vonas marow
  Den veth ny yll amontya | na leverel war anow | oll myns paynys a'n jeva | kyns es y vones marow.
  No man can reckon nor say in words all the torment which he had before he was dead. (PA59) received

• Herodes a wovynnys | orth Ihesus crist leas tra | ha trevyth ny worȝebys | man geve marth a henna
  herodes a wovynnis | orth yesus krist lies tra | ha travydh ny worthybis | ma'n jeva marth a henna
  Herod asked Jesus Christ many things and he answered nothing so that he was ama3ed at that. (PA111) became

• Own boys crist mab du an neff | an tebel el an geve
  own bos krist mab dyw an nev | an tebel el a'n jeva
  The evil angel was afraid that Christ was the Son of God in Heaven. (PA122) became afraid?

• Han ȝewna bys pan vons squyth | war crist y fons ov cronkye | manna geve goth na leyth | na gesa worth y grevye
  ha'n dhew na bys pan vons skwith | war krist y fons ow kronkya | ma na'n jeva goeth na lith | nag esa orth y revya
  And these two were beating upon Christ until they were tired so that he did not have a vein or a limb or any part of his sweet body that was not hurting him. (PA132) should be jevo?

• Colon den a yll crakye | a vynha prest predery | an paynys bras an geve | han dyspyth heb y dylly
  kolonn den a yll krakkya | a vynna prest prederi | a'n paynys bras a'n jeva | ha'n despit heb y dylli
  A man's heart may break who would think all the time about the great tortures and the undeserved contempt which he had (PA139) got

• y don symon a sconyas | ef an geve strocosow | na moy sconye ny vynnas | rag own cafos y ancow
  a'y doen simon a skonyas | ev a'n jeva strokosow | na moy skonya ny vynnas | rag own kavoes y ankow
  simon refused to carry it. he received blows. he would not refuse any more for fear of being killed. (PA174) he refused to carry the cross, so got beat up, then changed his mind.

• Ffest yn tyn hy a wole | ȝe wherȝyn nysteva whans | hay dagrow a ȝevera | hay dew lagas pur ȝewhans
  fest yn tynn hi a oela | dhe hwerthin ny's teva hwans | ha'y dagrow a dhevera | a'y dewlagas pur dhehwans
  She wept very bitterly. She had no desire to laugh and the tears flowed from her eyes very freely. (PA222) tevo?

• dar marow yv syr vrry | lauar thym del ym kerry | pan vernans an geve ef | ha fetel vefe lethys
  Dar? Marow yw Syrr Urri? | Lavar dhymm, dell y'm kyrri, | pan vernans a'n jeva ev, | ha fatell veuva ledhys,
  Alas! sir Uriah is dead; | Tell me, as thou lovest me, | When death reached him, | And how he was killed; (OM2217-20) what kind of death he had

• nys teve tus vyth hep mar | roow mar tha by myn hout
  Ny's teva tus vydh heb mar | rohow mar dha by mine hood.
  Never have men received, without doubt, | Gifts so good, by my head. (OM2597-8)

• y's gavas thethe keffrys | rak ny's teve man th'y pe
  Y's gavas dhedha keffrys, | rag ny's teva mann dh'y be.
  He forgave it them both, | Because there was not any thing to pay him. (PC507-8) should be tevo?

• na fyllys a arluth da | na fout bythqueth ny gen bue | yn agan ethom pup tra | pup vr parys thy'n vethe
  Na fyllis, A Arloedh da, | na fowt bythkweyth ny'gan beu. | Yn agan edhomm puptra | pub eur parys dhyn 'vedha.
  It was not wanting, O good Lord, | There never was default to us; | In our need every thing | Always was ready for us. (PC915-7) need

• rak certan y tue dythyow | may fenygough an torrow | na's teve vythqueth flehes
  Rag sertan y deu dydhyow | may fennigewgh an torrow | na's teva vydhkweyth fleghes,
  For certainly the days shall come, | That ye bless the wombs | Which have never borne children ; (PC2645-7)

• confortys yv ow colon | pan clewys ow teryfas | bones leghys the pascyon | a fus tyn garow ha bras
  Konfortys yw ow holonn | pan glywis ow terivas | bones lehes dha passhyon | a 'feu tynn garow ha bras.
  My heart is comforted, | When I have heard thee declaring | Thy Passion to be alleviated, | Which was cruel and great pain. (RD503-6)

• rak an torment an gefe | ym colon yma neffre | cvth-ma nam gas
  Rag an torment a'n jeva | y'm kolonn yma nevra | keudh, ma na'm gas.
  For the torment which he had | Is ever in my heart; | This sorrow does not leave me. (RD694-6) received

• drok den afue sur bythqueth | a wul drok nyn gefe meth | yn y thythow
  Drog dhen a veu sur bythkweyth, | a wul drog ny'n jeva meth | yn y dhydhyow.
  Bad man he was surely ever ; | To do evil he had no shame | In his days. (RD1782-4) never had shame

• Benedicite pana syght | ambuevy haneth in noys
  Benedicite, pana syght | a'm beu vy haneth yn nos!
  Benedicte, what a sight | I had this very night! (BM1725)

• govern an wlas | ha the honester omset | in dywath may festa gras
  govern an wlas | ha dhe onester omsett | y’n diwedh may’ feus ta gras
  Govern the country | And set yourself to honesty | That you may have thanks at the last. (BKv360)

• Trv te a ve kentresow
  Tru ty a veu ken tresow
  Alas, you had other customs (NJAW) (BKv438)

• adam wheak ow harenga | me a levar thys mar pleag | yn pan vanar yn bema
  Adam hweg, ow herensa. | My a lever, dhis mar pleg, | yn pan vaner y'n beuma.
  Sweet Adam, my love. | I will tell thee, if it please | In what manner I had it. (CW754-6)

• me am be wondrys fancye | orth y wellas in weathan
  My a'm beu wondrys fansi | orth y weles y'n wydhenn.
  I had a wondrous fancy, | Seeing him in (the) tree (CW761-2)

• yn weth dewthack warnugans | a virhas in pur thibblans | my ambe heb tull na gyll | a thalathfas an bysma
  Ynwedh dewdhek warn ugens | a vyrghes yn pur dhiblans | my a'm beu, heb toell na gil, | a dhallethvos an bys ma.
  Also thirty-two | Of girls, very clearly | I have had, without deceit or guile, | From (the) beginning of this world. (CW1984-7)

re'm beu

• ty re fue fest lafur bras | dre conquest a thylyfras | mes a payn an enefow
  Ty re veu fest lavur bras | dre gonkwest a dhelivras | mes a bayn an enevow.
  To thee very great labour has been, | By conquest thou hast delivered | The souls out of pain. (RD2628-30)

• Heyl costentyn the nobyl | molothov mur a bobyl | rag the plesya me rumbue
  Hayl, Costentyn the nobyl! | Mollothow meur a bobel | rag dha blesya my re'm beu.
  Hail, Constantine the noble! | Curses great from the people | For pleasing thee I have had. (BM1578-80)

lost

• ha sure me ew an kensa | bythqwath whath a ve dew wreag
  Ha sur my yw an kynsa | bythkweth a veu dew wreg.
  And surely I am the first | That ever yet had two wives. (CW1453-4)

hmmm

• Nans yw lemmyn tremenes | nep dew-cans a vlethynnow | nam buef the wruthyl genes | yn kyk nag in kues hep wow
  Nans yw lemmyn tremenys | neb dew kans a vlydhynyow | na'm beuv dhe wruthyl genes, | yn kig nag yn kneus heb wow.
  Now there are gone by | Some two hundred years; | I have not had to do with thee, | In flesh nor in blood, without a lie. (OM656-9)

re beu + noun

• agan cregy ny yv mall | rag ny rebe laddron dres
  agan kregi ni yw mall | rag ni re beu ladron dreus
  it is fitting that we should be hanged for we have been wicked robbers. (PA192)

• me re bue peghadoras | a peghas marthys yn fras
  My re beu peghadores | a beghas marthys yn fras
  I have been a sinner; | I have sinned wondrous much; (RD1097-8)

• ny revue tus ongrasyas | ha re vsias hager gas | raffna ladra pur lues feyst
  Ni re beu tus ongrassyes, | ha re usyas hager gas, | ravna, ladra pur lies fest.
  We have been graceless folk, | And have used, an ugly case, | To rob, plunder very many indeed. (BM2144-6)

• myscheff war gorff tobesy | eff revue treytour thynny
  Meschyf war gorf Tobesy! | Ev re beu traytor dhyn ni.
  Mischief on Tobias' body ! | He has been a traitor to us. (BM3355-6)

• golovder ganso revue | bythqueth moy ovn numdarfe | re thu am ros
  Golowder ganso re beu, | bythkweyth moy own ny'm darva, | re Dhyw a'm ros!
  Radiance was with him, | Never had I greater fear, | By God who made me ! (BM3726-9)

re beu + gans

• bythqueth re bue vs geneugh | war pask my the ase theugh | vn prysner ha'y thelyffre
  Bythkweyth re beu us genowgh | war Bask my dhe asa dhywgh | unn prysner ha'y dhelivra.
  There has always been a custom with you, | On the passover, that I should leave to you | A prisoner, and liberate him. (PC2034-6) pilate, to the people

re beu + ow VN

• ov arluth ker my re bue | yn cyte fast ow kelwel | the vysterndens thys a the | avorow pur dyogel
  Ow arloedh ker, my re beu | y'n sita fast ow kelwel | dha vysterdens dhis a dheu | a-vorow pur diogel.
  My dear lord, I have been | Into the city, urgently calling | The architects to come to thee | To-morrow very surely. (OM2429-32)

• my re bue war ow ene | ov themloth may then pur squyth
  My re beu war ow ena | owth omladh, mayth en pur skwith.
  I was, on my soul, | Wrestling till I was very much tired. (PC2508-9)

• me rebue sur ov stuthya | in lyfryov nansyv tremmys
  My re beu sur ow studhya | yn lyvrow nans yw trymis
  I have been surely studying | In books, it is not three months. (BM1490-1)

• Ny revue ov stethya sur
  Ni re beu ow studhya sur.
  We have been studying surely. (BM1495)

• Heyll costentyn in the dour | lafuryys rag the pleysour | a dro in pov me revue
  Hayl, Costentyn yn dha dour. | Lavuryes rag dha blesour | a-dro y'n pow my re beu.
  Hail, Constantine in thy tower. | Laboured for thy pleasure | About in the country have I. (BM1566-8)

y feu + VN

• Han ȝewna bys pan vons squyth | war crist y fons ov cronkye | manna geve goth na leyth | na gesa worth y grevye
  ha'n dhew na bys pan vons skwith | war krist y fons ow kronkya | ma na'n jeva goeth na lith | nag esa orth y revya
  And these two were beating upon Christ until they were tired so that he did not have a vein or a limb or any part of his sweet body that was not hurting him. (PA132)

re beu + VN

• drefen an torment in beys | thagis corfov rebue grueys | why agys beth lowena
  Drefenn an torment y'n bys | dh'agas korfow re beu gwrys | hwi a'gas bydh lowena.
  Because of the torment on earth | Which was done to your bodies | You shall have joy. (BM1303-5)

• Cans den lethys war ov feth | nav re vue sur in vn geth | prest gensy hy
  Kans den ledhys war ow fydh, | now re beu sur yn unn jydh | prest gensi hi.
  A hundred men slain, on my faith, | Now were surely in one day | By her. (BM4009-11)

• bevnans meryasek certan | genen revue dysquethys | in keth dethyov ma dywy
  Bywnans Meryasek sertan | genen re beu diskwedhys | Y'n keth dydhyow ma dhy'hwi.
  Meriaaek's Life certainly | By us hath been set forth. | In these same days to you. (BM4550-2)

• meryasek beth avysyys | rag dovt cafus velyny
  Meryasek, bydh avisyes, | rag dout kavoes vileni
  Meriasek, be advised, | For fear of getting disgrace, (BM840-3)

• na govs tra na fue guelys | me a leuer
  na gows tra na veu gwelys, | my a lever.
  Speak not aught that has not been seen, | I say. (BM842-3)

• meryasek ganso lemen | helhys vue in kerth heb fael
  Meryasek ganso lemmyn | helghys veu yn kerdh heb fall.
  Meriasek by him now | Has been hunted away, without fail. (BM2248-9)

• Ke rebe hoddyys garow | hay thyns terrys rum ena
  Ke re beu hodyes garow | ha’y dhens terrys re’m ena
  Ke has been roughly treated | And his teeth broken, on my soul (BKv98)

• lyas rebe lowenhys | ow predery ath rasow
  lies re beu lowenhes | ow prederi a’th rasow
  Many have been rejoiced | Thinking of your graces (BKv218)

• danferys theugh me re be
  danvenys dhywgh my re beu
  I have been sent to you (BKv393)

re beu + adj

• a me revue ree cruel | orth crustunyan me a greys
  A, my re beu re gruel | orth Kristonyon, my a grys.
  Ah, I have been overcruel | To Christians, I believe. (BM1364-5)

• ty re fue (vue?) napyth redovnt | moys the serry an turant | lemen ty a oyl henna
  Ty re beu neppyth re dont, | mos dhe serri an turant. | Lemmyn ty a oel henna.
  Thou hast been somewhat too lofty, | To go to anger the tyrant. | Now thou wilt bewail that. (BM3570-2)

• an horsens revue methov | ha re ases tus an pov | me a wor thy delyvrya
  An horsens re beu medhow, | ha re asas tus an pow, | my a woer, dh'y dhelivra.
  The whoresons were drunk, | And allowed the people of the country, | I know, to deliver him. (BM3734-6) have got drunk?

• maria re vuff relogh | in the gever
  Maria, re beuv re logh | yn dha gever.
  Mary, I have been overlax | Regarding thee. (BM3798-9)

re beu + adv

• Benedycite pan wolov | revue oma sollebreys
  Benedycite, pan wolow | re beu omma seulabrys!
  Benedicte, what a light | Was here some time ago! (BM1844-5)

• Menogh gans yrgh ha clehy | me re vue in mes dre nos | rewys an doyr pur defry
  Menowgh gans ergh ha kleghi | my re beu yn-mes dre nos, | rewys an dor pur dhevri.
  Often with hail and ice | I have been out through night, | The ground frozen right earnestly. (BM3055-7)

• An presnour in kerth galleys | han darasov oll degeys | pyv an iovle revue oma
  An prysner yn kerdh gallas, | ha'n darasow oll deges. | Piw an jowl re beu omma?
  The prisoner has gone away, | And the doors all closed. | Who the devil has been here ? (BM3717-9)

• Me re vue in mes dres nos | mur ov anwys ham ponfos | pan veth lues ov cosca
  My re beu yn-mes dres nos, | meur ow anwoes ha'm poenvos | pan vydh lies ow koska,
  I have been out during night. | Great my chilliness and my trouble | When many are sleeping. (BM4187-9)

the place we once were / used to be

• a arluth mur gras reth fo | rak lowene ny gen bo | yn le may fuen
  A Arloedh, meur gras re'th fo, | rag lowena ny 'gan bo | yn le may feun
  Lord, great thanks be to thee | For joy may not be ours | In the place where we have been (RD167-9) the place we once were

• creator a brys benen | yn yfarn na feugh gynen | fatel thutheugh why omma
  Kreaturs a vrys benyn | yn ifarn na vewgh genen, | fatel dheuthewgh hwi omma?
  Creatures from the bosom of woman. | In hell ye were not with us | How came ye here ? (RD191-3)

• ty creator bynyges | fattel thuthte gy then cres | na fues gynen yn yfarn
  Ty, kreatur bennigys, | fatell dheuth'ta jy dhe'n kres | na veus genen yn ifarn?
  Thou blessed creature, | How earnest thou to peace ? | Thou wast not with us in hell. (RD259-61)

re beu + adj

• ogh my re bue boghes coynt | hagh eth yn rak re a poynt | pur wyr pan wruk the pylat | lathe cryst rag ef gans cam
  Ogh, my re beu boghes koynt, | hag eth yn-rag re a boynt | pur wir pan wrug dhe Pylat | ladha Cryst, rag ev gans kamm
  Oh, I have been little cunning, | And went forward too much point blank, | Truly, when I made Pilate | Kill Christ ; (PC3031-4)

veu marow

• yn growys gans kentrow fastis | peynys bys pan ve marow
  y'n grows gans kentrow festys, | paynys bys pan veu marow.
  to the cross secured with nails; tortured till he was dead. (PA2)

• ellas a vap myghtern y'th tron | ellas gueles tol y'th colon | marow na vef
  Ellas, A Vab . Myghtern y'th tron! | Ellas, gweles . toll y'th kolonn, | marow na veuv!
  Alas ! Son ! King on thy throne ! | Alas ! a hole seen in thy heart! | That I am not dead! (PC3169-71) Mary, about Jesus

• na gows thym a Christ | an ruf rybot | a ve maraw | rag e foly in crows pryn
  Na gows dhymm a Grist | an ruff rybot | a veu marow | rag y foli y’n krows prenn
  Speak not of Christ | The rascally rogue | Who died | For his folly on the rood tree. (BKv40)

dell veu

• In meth an lader arall | drok ȝen os kepar del ves | ny ȝowtyth du te yw dall
  yn-medh an lader arall | drog dhen os kepar dell veus | ny dhoutydh dyw ty yw dall
  The other thief said, "You are an evil man, just as you were. You do not fear god. you are blind,..." (PA192) to the other thief

ple feu

• Abel pe feste mar bel
  Abel, py feusta mar bell?
  Abel, where hast thou been so long? (OM467)

• a pur harloth ple fugh why | pur vth o clewas an cry | genef orth agas gylwel
  A bur harlos, ple fewgh hwi? | Pur euth o klywes an kri | genev, orth agas gelwel.
  O very rascals, where were ye ? | Very loud was heard the cry | By me to you calling. (RD2243-5)

py eur feu=

• py vr fuf vy y wythes
  Py eur feuv vy y withyas?
  What time was I his keeper ? (OM576)

pan vons

when they became? subjunctive or preterite?

• Han ȝewna bys pan vons squyth | war crist y fons ov cronkye | manna geve goth na leyth | na gesa worth y grevye
  ha'n dhew na bys pan vons skwith | war krist y fons ow kronkya | ma na'n jeva goeth na lith | nag esa orth y revya
  And these two were beating upon Christ until they were tired so that he did not have a vein or a limb or any part of his sweet body that was not hurting him. (PA132)

assa veu

• a thev ysse fuef goky | pa na vynnan vy crygy | an beth y vos dasserghys | ha me guarnys gans lyes
  A Dhyw, assa veuv gokki | pan na vynnen vy krysi | a'n bedh y vos dasserghys, | ha my gwarnys gans lies!
  O God, I was indeed a fool, | That I would not believe | Him to be risen again from the tomb, | And I warned by many ; (RD1565-8)

veu + VN

• veu helghys = hunted OM x1
• veu mevys = moved (emotionally)
• veu kemerys
• veu gwrys x3 OM x1
• veu klewys
• veu grontys x2
• veu kerghys = fetched x2
• veu gorrys = placed, put x8
• veu degys = carried x2
• veu shyndys
• veu danvenys x4
• veu gwarnys
• veu dyghtys = prepared, made ready x3
• veu tellys = pierced
• veu settys
• veu rebukys = rebuked
• veu sordya = arose
• veu di'skys = taken off (clothes) x2
• veu hembrenkys = led
• veu sevys = raised up
• veu tewlys = thrown
• veu teckys = nailed x2
• veu kelmys = tied
• veu synsys = held
• veu tennys = pulled
• veu drehevys x2 = built, raised up
• veu gesys x2
• veu rynnys
• veu hedhys = held out
• veu ygerys
• veu ledhys OM x1
• veu prenys = redeemed
• veu konvyktys = overcome
• veu jujys
• veu kryghyllys x2 = jolted
• veu redys
• veu letthys = fastened
• veu gwelys
• veu kevys
• veu gwyskys

OM

• veu erghys x3
• veu formys
• veu chassys
• veu dedhewys = promised
• veu genys x4
• veu plensys = planted

PC

• veu gevys
• veu gweskys
• veu genys x3
• veu distruys
• veu ordenys
• veu trigys
• veu askusys x3
• veu dallethys
• veu formys
• veu danvenys
• veu mertherys
• veu seghys

RD

• veu genys x3
• veu revshys
• veu dempnys
• veu kerys
• veu gwenys (pierced) x2
• veu toellys (deceived)
• veu drehevys
• veu tewlys
• veu ynkleudhys
• veu kellys
• veu kemerys
• veu jujys
• veu ledhys x2
• veu gorrys x3
• veu krowsys
• veu gwrys x2
• veu gelwys
• veu beudhys
• veu kechys

BM

• veu koncevyes x2
• veu sawys
• veu elys
• veu kuntellys
• veu delivrys
• veu megys
• veu genys

BK

• veu dinethys x2
• veu ragleverys
• veu genys x2
• veu terrys
• veu tochys
• veu ledhys
• veu dibennys

CW

• veu gwrys x5
• veu formys x2
• veu eksaltys
• veu miligys
• veu gwrys
• veu ordnys
• veu dres
• veu sperys

hmm

• an keth rena a spedyas | han soper a ve paris
  An keth re na a spedyas | ha'n soper a veu parys.
  These same men made good speed and supper was prepared. (PA42)

• ha kymmys y an cablas | may fe an dre (crehe)lys
  ha kemmys i a'n kablas | may feu an dre kreghellys.
  and they accused him so much that the town was in an uproar. (PA31) jolted

• pan dorrasa an aval | an arluth a fue serrys
  Pan dorras e' an aval | an Arloedh a veu serrys.
  When he plucked the apple | The Lord was angry. (OM879-80)

came about

• tewolgow bras a ve guris
  tewolgow bras a veu gwrys
  a great darkness came about (PA200)

unclear

• myghterneth war aga tus | a fe arlythy a y yvs | yn certan kyns ys lemyn
  Myghternedh war aga thus | a veu arlydhi a'y us | yn sertan kyns es lemmyn;
  Dominion over their people | Has been to the lords over them, | Certainly, before now (PC785-7)

• y fue ow manegow plat | spygys bras dre ow dywle
  y feu ow manegow plat | spikys bras der ow diwla.
  And my smooth gloves were | Great spikes through my hands; (spiked greatly through? verb? or noun - spikes?)

• pan o marov daserrys | y[n]methe bue the vevnans
  Pan o marow, dasserghys, | yn-medh ev, beu dhe vywnans.
  When he was dead, raised, | He says that he was, to life. (BM791-2)

• Pyraga na ylta gy | domethy oma in beys | del fue lius den worthy | ha gans y du purgerys
  Pyraga na yll'ta jy | demmedhi omma y'n bys | dell veu lies den wordhi, | ha gans i Dyw pur gerys?
  Why canst thou not | Marry thee here in the world, | As were many worthy men, | And by them God was purely loved ? (BM395-8)

possible replacement for re = hwath?

• rag me a vinsens | serten vgh pub myns | a ve bythgwath whath formys
  Rag my a omsyns | sertan 'ugh peub myns | a veu bythkweth hwath formys.
  For I shall hold myself | Certainly above every one | That was ever yet formed. (CW280-2)

veu trigys

• en den-ma war ow ene | gans ihesu a nazare | yn certan a fue trygys
  An den ma, war ow ena | gans Ihesu a Nazare | yn sertan a veu trygys!
  This man, on my soul, | With Jesus of Nazareth | Certainly was staying. (OM1277-9)

hedre vons

preterite or subjunctive?

• hedre vons y ov plentye | ihesus yn dour a scryfas | ha dre virtu an scrife | peb ȝe ves a omdennas
  Hedre vens i ow plentya, | Yesus y'n dor a skrifas, | ha dre vertu an skrifa, | peub dhe ves a omdennas.
  While they were making a charge, Jesus wrote on the ground, and by the power of what he wrote everyone went away. (PA33)

go ev

• go ev byth pan veu va genys

• gew dhyn ni pan veun BKv260

ellas

• elhas ne vena maraw
  ellas na veu'ma marow.
  Alas, that I am not dead. (BKv138)

he was the first man who...

• del o ef an kensa dean | a ve gans an tas formyes | yn beth yta ef lebmyn
  Dell o ev an kynsa den | a veu gans an Tas formyes, | y'n bedh otta ev lemmyn.
  As he was the first man | That was formed by the Father, | In a grave behold him now. (CW2089-91)